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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. D. COPELAND.

STEAM GENERATOR.

No; 425,986. Patented Apr. 22. 18-90.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. D. OQPELAND.

STEAM GENERATOR. No. 425,986. Patented Apr. 22, 1890.

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(No Model.) e Sheets-Sheet 3. L. D. COPELAND.

STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 425,986. Patented Apr. 22, 1890.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4. D

('No Mode1.)

L. D. COPE STEAM GENE T 1 INYENIUF- XQW fiw (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet5. L. D. COPELAND. STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented Apr. 22, 1890.

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INYENTEIFI/ OWQQWM/ {M 49 WM (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

L. D. COPELAND.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented Apr. 22, 1890.

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INYEN'IUIFl WITNEEEEE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LUCIUS DAY COPELAND, OF CAMDEN, N ElV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE NORTIIROPMANUFACTURING COMPANY.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,986, dated April22, 1890.

Application filed March 14, 1889.

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, LUorUs DAY COPELAND, a citizen of the United States,residing at Camden, in the county of Camden and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in SteamGenerators;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form part of this specification.

lWIy invention has relation to certain improvements in the type ofsafety steam-boilers constituting the subject of Letters Patent of theUnited States, No. 360,759, dated April 5, 1887, and No. 394,461, datedDecember 1]., 1888.

The object of my present invention is to reduce the cost of manufacture,lessen the weight, decrease the size, and, in general, to render thegenerator more efficient, convenient, and economical.

The boiler or generator embodying my improvements is adapted to beheated byliquid fuel.

In my patents above referred to I have shown the boiler as consisting ofa main casing or cylinder inclosing a multiplicity of smaller cylindersprovided with fire-fines and having their steam-spacesintercommunicating by means of short pipes, so as to produce acirculation throughout the entire steam and water space. In the presentinstance I retain these features of construction and arrangement; but inorder to economize space, labor, and expense I have dispensed with thedrop water-tubes described in. said patents and have substitutedtherefor a heating-coil, which answers every purpose and which isreadily and conveniently accessible. By use of this coil I am enabled tocontract without imparing the efficiency of the fire-space, and totherefore materially reduce the size of the generator.

Another feature of my present inventionis the connection of all thesteam and water spaces of the cylinders surrounding the central cylinderto the latter at top and bottom, so that all the cylinders may draininto the central cylinder, from which the mud and impurities may beblown off at intervals. The outer cylinders are coupled to the innerSerial No. 303,280. (No model.)

or central cylinder by means of short pipes with suitableunion-connections, which will allow of any of the cylinders beingdisconnected at pleasure.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view, partly in sectionand partly in elevation, of a safety-boiler embodying my improvements.Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section on line one: of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 aresimilar sections of modified constructions of boilers. Fig. 5 is avertical partially sectional, Fig. 6 a top, and Fig. 7 a detail, viewofa modification. Figs. 8 and 9 are top views, and Fig. 10 a verticalpartially sectional view of another modification.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, A designates the main casingor shell of a smaller generator surmounted by the dome A and resting onthe base B, above which is the fire-space C. The casin g A may be of theconstruction described in my patent, No. 894,l61, or of any othersuitable construction. D designates the main or central steam-generatorcylinder, having around it the supplementary cylinder D D, &c.,withfire-lines (Z (Z, (as in said patent,) the latter communicating with thefire-space and with the flue E. The water-space of each cylinder D isconnected at top and bottom to the water-space of the central cylinder Dby means of short pipes e e, which rise above and depend from thecylinders D a sufficient distance to allow of a free and unobstructeddraft and to permit of the ready use of the flue-cleaner. The centralcylinder is pierced at intervals in its wall for the purpose ofcommunication with the cylinders D, and rings F F, having nipples f ffor the branches f 'f, to which the small tubes e c are connected bysuitable union-couplings h h, are secured to the outside of the mainsteamcylinder D. II designates the heating-coi1, located in thefire-space and connected at its upper end to one of the pipes e and atits lower end to the blow-oif pipe I. A connection is also made at Kwith the central cylinder D, and in said pipes K a fusible plug may beplaced, as shown at 7;. The coil H, being in connection with thecylinders D, is in the line of water circulation and serves as a mediumfor rapid generation of steam' and the maintainance of the heat.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a construction adapted to boilers of from fourto twelve horse-power.- The general construction and arrangement are thesame as for the smaller boiler, the only difference being in themultiplying'of the short tubes e e to accommodate the in creased numberof supplementary cylinders. Suitable union connections are provided atdifferent points on the pipes e and 6, so that the cylinders may bedisconnected from each other and from the central cylinder.

In Fig. I have shown a boiler of a somewhat modified construction andarrangement of parts. The boiler shell or casing A, instead of beingcylindrical, as above described, is

slightly oblong or elliptical in horizontal section, and is so shaped inorder to accommodate a series of steam-generating cylinders D, arrangedin conformity with the elliptical contour of the shell and groupedaround two inner cylinders, which bear substantially the same relationthereto as does the central cylinder shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Theouter cylinders D are coupled to the two inner cylinders D by means ofpipes e 6' above and below with suitable union-couplings. The two innercylinders D are coupled together at top andbottomby means of flangeddouble-headed caps G G, into which the branch pipes e e are let orscrewed and through which they communicate with the water or steamspaces of said cylinders. Within the cylinders D the pipes f areextended a short distance and are curved downward, as shown in Fig. 7,so as to discharge the priming from the outer cylinders below thesteam-space in the inner cylinders. The cap G is formed with the cavityor chamber Gr between its two heads 9 g, communicatingby ports g withthe steamspaces of the two cylinders D D and formed with a boss for theconnection of the steamoutlet pipe g leading to the engine. The. steamis thus taken from the cavity or chamber Gr instead of from thecylinders D direct, and is therefore dry.

I11 order to allow of convenient access to the interior of the casing Aand the heatingspace, the base of the generator is made in two sectionsB and O, mounted one upon the other and hinged together at the back, asshown at b. A suitable latch and keeper are fitted to the front portionto lock or fasten the parts together when in position. By reason of theconstruction above described the upper part of the generator may bethrown back, thus opening out the fire-space and rendering the burnerand other parts accessible.

In order to confine the heat within the firespace and prevent downwardradiation, a partition or diaphragm t is located below the burner andprovided with a protective coating of asbestus or other non-conductingmaterial. A hole is pierced through the center for the passage of thevapor-pipe, and of sufficient size to allow of proper draft, the holeand a number of complete generators coupled together, so as toconstitute a battery of boilers within a single main shell or casing.

Figs. 8, 9, and 10 of the drawings show the arrangement referred to,Fig. 9 being a horizontal section above and Fig. 8 a horizontal sectionbelow the steam-generatingcylinders. Complete generators are shown 'asgrouped within a single main casing A each generator comprising itsregular series of cylinders D D and a suitable surrounding casing A. Themain casing A may be of any suitable construction; but I prefer theconstruction described and shown in Letters Patent No. 394,461, whichconsists of two metallic shells separated from each other by anair-space and having aninterposed packing of asbestus or other suitablenon-conducting material. Each generator has its own burner, and theseveral burners are supplied with oil from a common source by means of apipe M, surrounding the main casing A and having branches 1W1, withcocks M but any one burner can be shut off without interfering with theothers. In the center of the group of generators is located a drum orchest N, appropriately formed with fire-fines n and constituting asuperheater. The several generators com municate with this chest orsuperheater by means of pipes m m, leading from their central cylinders.These pipes are provided with Valves m by which any one or moregenerators may be cut out of the series. Pipes m are coupled to a pipe0, which e11- ters the chest N at the top and terminates near thebottom. Each pipe m is provided with a safety-valvep and gage p. Themain casing A is formed with a dome or conical top having a centralopening A in which is fitted a telescopic or adjustable stack A, asshown. A horizontalpartition Wis arranged within the main casing A belowthe tops of the generators and embracing the same. This partition hasits middle part to sunk down below the base of the superheater, and isso situated that the surplus heat after passing upward throughthegenerator-fines is deflected thence downward and around the outside ofthe superheater, and then upward through the fire-fines of the latterand out through the stack, the direction being indicated by arrows. Byraising or lowering the stack the draft is made greater, or vice versa.

The system above described of coupling together a series of separatesteam-generators is important and to be distinguished from the usualbatteries of generators which together constitute one generator and aregenerally heated from one common source.

The system which I have described is intended, primarily, for use onsmall marine vessels, wherein it becomes expedient to use greater orless steam supply and pressure n11- der varying conditions. A vesselequipped with a battery of, say, four generators coupled together, asshown and explained, may ordt narily be run with one or two generatorsin use, the others being cut out to economize fuel and steam.

Should it be required at any time to quickly increase the power andspeed of the engine, it requires but a moment or two to connect upadditional generators and ignite their burners, when the desired powerwill be quickly obtained. This course will be found particularlyadvantageous in connection with racing vessels, for which high speed isonly required on special occasions.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1. In a tubular steam-boiler, the combination, with the steam-generatingcylinders having fire-fines located above the fire-box, of aheating-coil located in said fire-box and communicating with one of saidoutside cylinders and also with the central cylinder and with ablow-ol'fpipe, substantially as described.

2. In a tubular steam-boiler, the combination, with the centralsteam-cylinder and a multiplicity of supplementary cylinders, of tubesconnecting said supplementary cylinders with the central cylinder at topand bottom above and below the former, whereby all the cylinders draininto one common reservoir, the inner ends of the upper tubes beingdeflected, so as to discharge the priming downward, substantially asdescribed.

In a tubular steam-boiler, the combination, with the central steamcylinder or cylinders and a multiplicity of supplementary cylinders, oftubes connecting said supplementary cylinders with the central cylinderat top and bottom above and below the former in such a manner as not toobstruct draft, whereby all the cylinders drain into one commonreservoir, substantially as described.

at. In a tubular steam-boiler, the combination, with a central cylinderorcylinders and a multiplicity of supplementary cylinders containing thefire-flues, of tubes connecting said supplementary cylinders with thecentral cylinder or cylinders, whereby all the cylinders drain into onecommon reservoir, substantially as described.

5. In a tubular steam-boiler, the combination, with a central steamcylinder or cylinders and a multiplicity of supplementary cylindersarranged exteriorly thereto, said supplementary cylinders containing thefire-fines, of connecting-pipes constructed in separable sections andjoined together by means of union-couplings, substantially as described.

6. In a tubular stean'i-generator comprising a series ol.steam-generating cylinders and a surrounding casing or shell, thecombination, with said shell or casing and the cylinders inclosedtherein, of a base made in two sections, one resting upon the other andforming the heating-chamber, and a hinged connection whereby the casingand upper base section may be swung back to open up the heating-chamber,substantially as described.

7. In a tubular steam-generator, the combination, with the centralduplicate cylinders and the surroundin g supplementary cylinders, ot'the flanged double caps coupling the central cylinders together andconstructed with a steam-space between the two heads, with ports leadingthereto from the cylinders, substantially as set forth.

8. A manifold steam-generator consisting of or comprising a battery ofseparate generators of the tubular type within a main casin g or shell,each generator being formed of a series of steam-generating cylindersgrouped around and coupled to a central cylinder or cylinders, intowhich they drain, and all the central cylinders coupled to a main drumlocated in the center of the battery, substantially as set forth.

9. In a tubular steam-generator consisting of or comprising a battery ofseparate generators of the tubular type, each provided with its ownburner, the combination of the generators and burners with a commonoil-supply pipe and branches leading to the different burners, saidbranches being provided with cocks or shut-off valves, whereby one ormore burners may be cut off, as desired, substantially as set forth.

10. In a tubular steam-generator, the combination, with a main casinghaving an adjustable smoke-stack and a deflecting-plate arranged belowthe same, of a multiplicity of separate generators coupled together orto a central drum, substantially as set forth.

11. In a tubular steam-generator comprising a series of separate andindependent generators having their steanrspaces coupled to a centraldrum or superheater having firefiues constructed therein, and alllocated within a single main casing, the combination, with saidgenerator and drum and with the smokestack, of a deiiecting-partitionlocated below the upper ends of the generators and embracing the same,said partition being constructed with a sunken center forming acylindrical cavity the base of which is below the stea1ndrum, wherebythe waste heat escaping from the fines of the generator will bedeflected downward around the drum and thence upward through the fiuesof the latter to the stack, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I clainr the foregoing I have hereunto set my handthis 8th day of March, 1889.

LUCIUS DAY COPELAND.

\Vitnesses:

BENTLEY L. RINEHART, BENJ. C. POLE.

IIO

